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AnonymousInactivehappy 60th b-day for the bic pen
Did Biros really revolutionise writing?
Fifty-seven
Bic Biros are sold every second (and then “borrowed” by passing
colleagues) – not bad for a 60-year-old product. But did the pens
really make that much of a difference?It was a familiar frustration
that led to the invention of the modern ball-point pen – leaky ink.In
1938, Hungarian newspaper journalist Laszlo Biro noticed the ink used
on the printing presses dried quickly and so tried using it in a
fountain pen to avoid the problem of leaks, blots and smudges.But the
ink was too thick to flow into the nib. So Biro, with the help of his
brother, a chemist, devised a pen tipped with a metal ball bearing that
used capillary action to draw ink through the rotating ball.They
brought their invention with them when they fled to the West during a
crackdown on Jews later that year. A British firm took over the patent
to produce pens for the RAF, and the first Biros went on sale in the UK
60 years ago this week.Barring tweaks and improvements, the pen is
still recognisable as the ball-point Biro devised to make writing
easier, and it regularly features in top 100 design lists, says Libby
Sellers, the curator of the Design Museum.”It has worked so well for so
long that you stop noticing it. It does what it says it should be
doing, like the paper clip and the Post-It note.”But was it
revolutionary? “That’s a big word, but it made writing easier. No
longer did you need to worry about ink spills or refills. To be mobile
and reliable are two amazing things to be able to accommodate into such
a small and humble object.”What is remarkable is Biro’s lateral
thinking in bringing existing technologies together to create an
everyday object that everyone could write with. Ball bearings already
existed. Quick-drying ink already existed. And so did roller-balls, in
deodorants.”
Pen or pencil?
Among
the first Britons to use the pens were the RAF’s fighter pilots, for
whom the pens proved something of a revelation.”Fountain pens can
explode or at least leak at high altitudes, so to have a reliable pen
with you in the cockpit to note down important markers helped win the
war,” says Miss Sellers.What about pencils? “You have to sharpen
pencils, they’re not as user-friendly.”There is an old and oft-repeated
rumour that because standard pens don’t work in zero-gravity, Nasa
spent millions devising a space pen, while the Russians used
pencils.But this has been debunked, not least because – strange to say
– pencils pose dangers in space, from broken-off tips floating about
and graphite and wood being flammable in a pure oxygen atmosphere. And
it was not Nasa which developed the space pen, but inventor Paul
Fisher, and it was adopted by both sides in the space race by 1968.Fit for purpose
While
not the first everyday object in which manufacturers made a priority of
user convenience, the Bic Biro is a fine example of what happens when
an object is designed to make something that is easy to use.”If a
designer thinks about how it works and what are all the qualifications
that might entail, they’re asking the right questions,” says Miss
Sellers.Nor does she see the pens being superseded by technology. Yes,
a passing thought can easily be typed into a handheld device or a text
message, but a ball-point doesn’t need batteries to work. It needs ink,
but most have long since been lost, borrowed or stolen before running
out.The one thing that hasn’t been cracked is washable ink – as anyone
who has inadvertently left a ball-point pen in a pocket will attest.
For artist Jon Burgerman, who specialises in Biro works (see Internet
links, right), that is part of the pen’s charm.”It’s the ingenious
rolling of that little ball. If you put one in your bag without a lid,
you’re asking for it.”I like that the ink’s indelible – I get asked to
do artworks on trainers and T-shirts, so it’s great that it doesn’t
wash off. It’s easy to customise stuff without bothering with fabric
paints. That’s invaluable for me, as a poor artist. I like Biros, pens
are my friends.” -
AuthorNovember 27, 2006 at 10:17 AM
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